I just read an online article titled “Why it’s okay for newspapers to die”. It reassures that, “[t]he loss of print newspapers is akin to the loss of the horse and buggy.” In other words, the only thing about the news that is going to change is that it will be online, instead of printed on paper. This argument is rather technologically determinist; the author of the column makes no effort to hide this when she refers to “creative destruction”, which is basically what happens when you pair technological determinism with a laissez-faire economy (read: globalization). I have to disagree with the comparison to the “horse and buggy” for a few reasons.
First of all, there is a big difference between people switching from horse and buggies to cars, and the Internet going online. For one thing, when people switched from the horse and buggy to the automobile, they were merely switching forms of transportation.
I could really go out on a limb and argue that the shift from horse and buggy to automobile was helped plant the seeds for the demise of a print industry, but that would be getting a little out there. Still, consider this little summary of suburbanization etc. 101 : the invention of the automobile initially allowed for wealthy citizens to live in suburbs and commute to work. This reduced urban density, somewhat. After World War 2, when there was a great deal of wealth in Canada and the United States, a great deal of people could afford to live out in the suburbs. There was a huge boom; lots of people could buy cars. Communication was increasingly shifting away from being “face-to-face” and turning into something that required other forms of technology, such as the telephone. Luckily, thanks to transportation and young boys with paper routes, newspapers could still be distributed across these large urban areas, and people could still get their news, even if they lived quite far from the centre of the city. Exciting! Oh yes, and population density decreased further.
I’m not going to get into economics and infrastructure development, cause that’s boring…. Anyway… If you couldn’t already figure it out, the spatial diffusion of people certainly influenced the way communications technology was developed and used. There were new needs, so there were new solutions. Complimenting this change was the new phenomena of media mergers, buyouts and vertical/horizontal integration. I’m not going to get into this either, because this is my blog, and not a scholarly research paper. This publication by the Parliament of Canada is helpful if you would like to know who owns what in Canadian media, however.
[If you don't find irony in me blogging about the death of print media, just wait till I touch on the "blogger" problem. If you can't wait: THIS IS JUST A BLOG; DO YOUR OWN RESEARCH, AND DON'T BELIEVE ANYTHING I WRITE UNTIL YOU FIND YOUR PRIMARY SOURCES OF INFORMATION. If you are interested in the topics of infrastructure development, technological determinism, the evolution of the mass media, or anything else I am referring to and don't have access to a good pool of information, I will be happy to provide you with some good sources of information. Otherwise, I'm not getting into it. Additionally, if you would do not agree with some of the facts that I claim.]
Fast forward to now, and you will find a combination of a few problems: a very large amount of the media controlled by a few companies, consolidation of resources [i.e. less reporters, but just as many/more newspapers and magazines], a less diverse group of stakeholders, and the competition of the internet.
The awesome David Byrne (yes, that David Byrne) wrote a nice entry in his online journal, expressing his concern about the decline of the newspaper institution. David Byrne echoes what I have to say about blogs, which is that:
“Blogs and Internet news sites can’t fill the gap, as they don’t have the resources to sustain a team of reporters working and digging into a story — sometimes for months before anything sees the light of day.”
These blogs are at least secondary sources of information, for the most part, and often link to other news sites, which link to news feeds, and so on. Just look at what I’m writing.
Another problem with moving a newspaper from print to online the format in which the different stories are presented. Go most online news sites and you will see the “most popular” list of stories (Vancouver Sun, Toronto Star, CNN, NY Times, Washington Post, etc.). My completely scientific and untested opinion is going to suggest that these articles are more likely to be read than the others. I am also going to suggest that being online is distracting; unlike sitting down and reading a newspaper, where you don’t have many other prominent sources of stimulation, reading an online newspaper puts the reader in a position to stray away from what he or she was initially planning to read. The reader also may skip out on the shorter pieces, which can often be found tucked in with the larger stories, because there is the opportunity is not there in the same way for the eye to pass over the “smaller” headline.
Back to this horse and buggy issue: with the exception of the clown car, I do not recall reading of any sort of widespread consolidation of passengers as they left behind their horses and buggies: if there had been four buggies, all which could seat four people, the 16 of these people did not all pool together and hop into one sedan. Yes — there were buses, but mass transportation had long existed, in the form of the boat and the train; I’m only talking about private, individual transportation. What is happening to the media, is in some sense, an information clown car — dozens of newspapers being piled into one source of information.
CanWest is a media clown car that would make a real troupe of clowns jump for their money. CanWest owns a frightening amount of Canadian media, and you can also find a lot of interesting research articles from over the years discussing what this means in the world of communications and democracy.
CanWest is also experiencing some MAJOR financial problems. There have been reports that CanWest may sell some of their newspapers, magazines or television stations to other buyers; but, realistically, who would those buyers be?
The biggest question of all, however, is: what would it mean for the Canadian public if all of the newspapers printed by CanWest ceased to print, and went online? What would happen if CanWest, as unreliable as it is, ceased to exist and we were left with only skeletons of an industry?